Relative impacts of increases of solar radiation and air temperature on the temperature of surface water in a shallow, eutrophic lake

Abstract We monitored lake surface water temperatures from 1992 to 2019 in Lake Kasumigaura, a shallow Japan. hypothesized that increases of shortwave radiation had increased and heat fluxes more than the air temperature. used flux analyses sensitivity test hypothesis. The solar gradually during study period manner consistent with phenomenon global brightening. increase was especially apparent spring. rate temperature significant May. Air did not significantly May, but it June (0.40 °C decade−1). A analysis at (shortwave radiation, longwave latent flux, sensible flux) revealed sensitive changes Although other factors such as inflows groundwater river may also have impacted temperatures, appeared be major factor responsible for spring Kasumigaura.